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TNews – Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurobiological disorder that affects an individual’s social, communication, and behavioral development. In this article, we will explore autism disorder from various perspectives, starting from the definition and diagnostic criteria to risk factors, symptoms, and various intervention methods that can be used to assist individuals with ASD.
Definition and Diagnostic Criteria
Autism Spectrum Disorder is defined as a neurobiological developmental disorder that affects social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and behavior. ASD involves various levels of severity, hence the term “spectrum” is used to encompass a range of symptoms and functional levels. The diagnosis of ASD is based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5), which sets specific criteria that individuals must meet to be considered as having ASD.
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Risk Factors and Causes
Although the exact causes of autism are unknown, several risk factors have been identified. Genetic factors are a major contributor, with a family history of ASD increasing the risk for other relatives. Environmental factors, such as complications during pregnancy and childbirth, can also play a role. Some studies support the idea that exposure to certain chemicals during pregnancy or specific medical conditions in infants can increase the risk of ASD.
Symptoms and Signs
ASD symptoms can vary significantly among individuals, but there are some common signs that may appear in children with this disorder. Difficulties in communication and social interaction are hallmark features of ASD. Individuals with ASD may show an inability to understand facial expressions and body language of others, as well as challenges in building social relationships. In terms of behavior, limited and repetitive interests, as well as unusual sensory responses to environmental stimuli, are also commonly observed.
Interventions and Therapies
Although ASD does not have a cure, there are various interventions and therapies that can help individuals cope with the challenges they face. Behavioral therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy are some commonly used methods. Behavioral therapy, for example, aims to improve social skills and reduce harmful behaviors. Speech therapy helps enhance verbal and non-verbal communication, while occupational therapy focuses on developing everyday skills to improve independence.
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The Importance of Early Detection and the Role of Parents
Early detection of autism has a significant impact on the success of interventions. The earlier the diagnosis is established, the earlier interventions can begin, opening opportunities for better development. Parents play a key role in this early detection process. Understanding a child’s normal development and recognizing early signs of ASD can help parents seek professional assistance more promptly.
